الجمعة, أكتوبر 25, 2024
الجمعة, أكتوبر 25, 2024
Home » ستة تحديات تنذر بفناء البشرية في المستقبل البعيد

ستة تحديات تنذر بفناء البشرية في المستقبل البعيد

by admin

أندرس ساندبرغ / BBC

لم يعد التنبؤ بالمستقبل البعيد ضربا من المستحيل، ولا سيما في مجال الفيزياء الفلكية وعلم الكون.

فبإمكاننا مثلا الجزم بأن كسوفا شمسيا كاملا سيحدث في المملكة المتحدة يوم 23 سبتمبر/أيلول عام 2090، لأن القمر والشمس والأرض يتحركون في مدارات لا يحيدون عنها، ويمكن التنبؤ بها، فضلا عن أن قوانين الجاذبية موثوق بها. وقد تساعدنا أيضا قوانين الفيزياء الفلكية في التنبؤ بما سيحدث للكون أثناء توسعه.

وقد صاغ عالم الفلك مارتن ريس مصطلح “علم الآخرة الفيزيائي” للإشارة إلى استخدام الفيزياء الفلكية في التنبؤ بمصير الكون. واستلهم ريس المصطلح من علم اللاهوت، حيث يُعنى علم الأخرويات بدراسة مصائر البشر أو الأحداث الأخيرة التي تؤذن بنهاية العالم، ومن بحث أجراه فريمان دايسون عام 1979 عن الكوارث المحتملة التي تهدد بفناء البشرية في المستقبل، من موت الشمس إلى انفصال النجوم عن المجرات.

إذاً، ما هي التحديات الكبرى التي ستواجهها البشرية في حالة بقائها في المستقبل البعيد؟ وبينما لا يمكننا حتى الآن معرفة كيفية تفادي تهديدات المستقبل الكبرى، إلا أننا يمكننا الجزم بأنها ستحدث لا محالة.

التحدي الأول: هل سيكون البشر أكثر قدرة على التحمل مقارنة بالثدييات الأخرى

يقدر العلماء متوسط عمر أنواع الثدييات من بداية نشأتها وحتى انقراضها بنحو مليون عام. لكن ثمة مخاطر أخرى، مثل الحرب النووية والأوبئة الناتجة عن فيروسات معدلة وراثيا، قد تُعجل بفناء البشرية، ما لم نحد من مخاطرها بشكل عاجل.

GETTY IMAGES يقدر العلماء متوسط عمر أنواع الثدييات، من نشأتها حتى انقراضها، بنحو مليون عام، فهل يمكن أن يخالف البشر هذه التوقعات؟

وبخلاف معدل الانقراض الطبيعي والمخاطر الوجودية الأخرى التي فرضها البشر، توجد تحديات أخرى علينا مواجهتها.

في البداية، نحن نعيش الآن في حقبة فاصلة بين عصرين جليديين قد تنتهي بعد بضع آلاف من السنين. وقد تحمّل أسلافنا العصور الجليدية السابقة ربما لأنهم كانوا قبائل رُحل يعيشون على الصيد وجمع الثمار.

وقد نواجه أيضا تغيرات كبرى في الطقس بين العصور الجيولوجية المختلفة. فقد كان الطقس في بعض العصور أكثر دفئا أيضا مما هو عليه الآن، كما في عصر الإيوسين، حيث كانت درجات الحرارة أعلى بنحو 10 درجات مئوية، وكان القطب الشمالي مغطى بالنخيل وتعيش فيه التماسيح، أما المناطق الاستوائية فكانت شديدة الحرارة بحيث يتعذر على البشر العيش فيها. وفي بعض الحقب في الماضي السحيق، كانت الأرض جلّها مغطاة بالجليد.

وقد يواجه البشر أيضا مخاطر تزايد الأنشطة البركانية واصطدام النيازك بالأرض، وانفجارات أشعة غاما، أو اختلال التوازن البيئي الذي يؤدي إلى حدوث عمليات انقراض جماعية مرة كل 100 مليون عام تقريبا.

وربما يتغير شكل الإنسان بعد ما يزيد على ملايين السنين، فإن جيناتنا تتغير وتتحور باستمرار، كما يخضع البشر لقوانين الانتخاب الطبيعي- نظرا للتفاوت في الرعاية الصحية وموت البعض في حوادث طرق- ناهيك عن أن التكنولوجيا الحيوية أصبحت تتيح للبشر تعديل جيناتهم عمدا، كما تسمح التقنيات الحديثة للبشر بزرع أجهزة ورقائق في أجسامهم.

لكن الحضارات التي سيقيمها البشر في صورتهم المستقبلية بعد مليارات السنين، ستكون قادرة على الصمود في وجه الكوارث الكونية، والتخطيط مستقبلا للعصور الجيولوجية. وتكمن المفارقة في أن بقاء الجنس البشري على الأرض بعد فناء الثدييات الأخرى، سيكون مرهونا بتطوره، إذ يجب أن يكون شكل البشر مختلفا تماما عن شكلنا الحالي.

التحدي الثاني: نهاية المحيط الحيوي

بعد مليار عام، أو نحو ذلك، سيقضي توسع الشمس وزيادة سطوعها على المحيط الحيوي للأرض. فإن حرارة الشمس ستؤدي إلى زيادة وتيرة تآكل الصخور الذي يسبب بدوره تفاعلات كيميائية تسحب كميات كبيرة من ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الهواء، ومن ثم قد تموت النباتات بسبب نقص الكربون اللازم للتمثيل الضوئي.

وسترتفع حرارة كوكب الأرض، بسبب تبخر المياة من المحيطات في صورة بخار ماء، الذي يعد أحد الغازات المسببة للاحتباس الحراري.

GETTY IMAGES إن زيادة سطوع الشمس قد يسبب مشاكل خطيرة لأحفادنا

وقد اقترح بعض العلماء العديد من الطرق لحماية المحيط الحيوي، من بينها الاستعانة بهندسة المناخ عن طريق ضخ رذاذ عاكس إلى طبقة الجو العليا (الستراسوفير)، أو بناء مظلة ضخمة بين الأرض والشمس، أو إزاحة كوكب الأرض بعيدا عن الشمس.

وذهب آخرون إلى استيطان كواكب أخرى، فقد أصبح من الممكن إقامة مستوطنات بشرية في الفضاء تحقق الاكتفاء الذاتي. وحتى لو كان إنشاء المباني على أسطح الكواكب الأخرى يبدو صعبا الآن، فإن أمامنا مليار عام لنجتهد ونزداد مهارة وثراء.

التحدي الثالث: موت الشمس

بعد خمسة مليارات عام، سيزداد توهج الشمس بوتيرة أسرع، لأن غاز الهيليوم المتراكم في جوفها سيعمل على تسخينها حتى تتحول إلى نجم أحمر عملاق، أو ما يسمى بالنجم المحتضر. وستنخفض درجة الحرارة السطحية، لكن الضوء الذي يشع منها سيغطي مساحات أكبر بمراحل نظرا لضخامة حجمها. ومن المرجح أن تبتلع الشمس أثناء تمدد سطحها الخارجي، كوكب الأرض، وحتى لو لم تبتلعه ستحرقه أشعتها المتوهجة ويتحول إلى صخرة صماء.

وبعد مليار عام أو نحو ذلك، ستتخلص الشمس من غلافها الجوي في صورة سديم غازي وتتحول إلى قزم أبيض صغير.

ولن يتمكن البشر أو غيرهم من الكائنات الذكية من البقاء إلا إذا انتقلوا إلى الأنظمة الشمسية المجاورة، لأن هذا الكوكب القزم الأبيض لن يشع ضوءا ولا طاقة تكفي لدعم الحياة في هذا النظام الشمسي.

وسيتطلب الوصول إلى الأنظمة الشمسية المجاورة مركبات فضائية سريعة للغاية، قد تكون على الأرجح المركبات الفضائية الدقيقة التي تعرف بـ “الروبوت النانوي” نسبة إلى تكنولوجيا النانو. وبدلا من استخدام طاقة هائلة لدفع سفن نجمية عملاقة، قد يكون من الأفضل إرسال هذه السفن الصغيرة باستخدام الأشرعة العاكسة وأشعة الليزر القوية. ومن الممكن إرسال الآلاف منها، لحمل المقومات الجينية اللازمة لدعم مظاهر الحياة في الأنظمة الشمسية الأخرى.

وبمجرد أن تصل أجهزة الروبوت إلى أحد الكويكبات في النظام الشمسي، ستشغل أنظمة جمع أشعة الشمس وتنقب عن المواد وتبني أجهزة روبوت أخرى ومصانع. وفي النهاية ستبني مستوطنة تصلح ليعيش فيها البشر.

GETTY IMAGES قد يكون استيطان الفضاء هو فرصة البشر للبقاء على المدى الطويل

وقد لا يغادر البشر أنفسهم النظام الشمسي، ولهذا يتساءل البعض عن شكل الجنس البشري أو ربما الجنس الجديد الذي سيعمر الكون مستقبلا.

التحدي الرابع: نهاية النجوم

بلغ معدل تكوين النجوم في الكون ذروته بالفعل، وبعد بضع عشرات من الملايين من السنوات ستختفي النجوم المتوهجة وقصيرة العمر، بينما ستبقى نجوم حمراء قزمة خافتة طويلة العمر، وستلمع هذه النجوم لتريليونات السنوات، لكن نشاط تكوين النجوم سيتراجع، وحتى هذه النجوم الحمراء القزمة ستختفي ولن يحل محلها غيرها. ولكي ينجو البشر، سنحتاج لمصادر طاقة بديلة لضوء النجوم.

ويقترح علماء بعض الاحتمالات للنجاة، منها توليد الطاقة عن طريق تفاعلات الاندماج النووي باستخدام الهيدروجين المنبعث من الأجرام السماوية التي تسمى النجوم القزمة البنية والكواكب الغازية، أو التخلص من القرص الغازي المحيط بالثقب الأسود وتجميع الطاقة المنبعثة منه، أو الاستفادة من دوران الثقب الأسود مباشرة باستخدام ما يعرف باسم قنابل الثقوب السوداء فائقة الإشعاع.

لكن كل هذا يتطلب مشروعا هندسيا عملاقا. لكن المشكلة تكمن في أن تفاعلات الانشطار النووي قد تتوقف عند نضوب النظائر المشعة التي ينتجها عادة اندماج النجوم النترونية، والشموس الضخمة المتفجرة (المعروفة أيضا باسم المستعرات العظمى). وستنفد أيضا الطاقة الحرارية الجوفية عند اضمحلال النظائر المشعة، مما قد يجعل درجة حرارة الصخور تتراجع بوضوح.

وستتكيف الكائنات الحية مع درجات الحرارة المنخفضة والبيئات غير المألوفة، حيث قد تصل درجة الحرارة إلى الصفر المطلق. وعندما تختفي النجوم، ستلجأ الكائنات التي تعيش على الكربون وأجهزة الروبوت إلى عوالم افتراضية أكبر وأكثر تعقيدا من العالم الخارجي.

التحدي الخامس: نهاية المجرات

قد تؤدي حركة النجوم العشوائية على مدار الزمن إلى تلاشي المجرات. فالنجوم تمر بمحاذاة بعضها بعضا وتتغير سرعاتها بشكل عشوائي. وفي بعض الأحيان، يصل النجم إلى سرعة الهروب التي تتيح له الإفلات من جاذبية المجرة ويختفي في الفضاء الشاسع، وهذا يؤدي إلى زيادة كثافة المجرة.

وبعد مئات الملايين من السنين، ستتناثر المجرة بأكملها أو تسقط في الثقب الأسود المركزي، وستصطدم الكواكب حول النجوم ببعضها.

وقد يحتاج البشر للنجاة من هذه الكوارث إلى توجيه النجوم ووضعها على مدارات ثابتة على المدى الطويل.

هذا الاقتراح ليس مستحيلا في الوقت الحالي، إذا وضعنا أدوات أو مرايا عاكسة ضخمة، حتى تعمل الأشعة التي تعكسها على دفع النجوم، بنفس قوة المحركات الضعيفة للصواريخ، لتتحرك بمحاذاة بعضها بعضا بشكل منضبط. وإذا غيرت النجوم مواقعها على المدارات، قد تستخدم تلك المرايا العاكسة الضخمة لدفع النجوم الأخرى وتغيير مسارها.

GETTY IMAGES بعد عشرات المليارات من السنين ستختفي النجوم المتوهجة وقصيرة العمر، بينما ستتبقى نجوم حمراء قزمة خافتة طويلة العمر

التحدي السادس: نهاية المادة

تتألف المادة من ذرات تتكون من بروتونات ونترونات وإلكترونات. ومن المعروف أن البروتونات والإلكترونات مستقرة تماما- وتعمل البروتونات على تثبيت النيترونات التي تضمحل بمفردها في دقائق معدودة.

لكن الكثير من النظريات الفيزيائية تقول إن البروتونات ليست مستقرة، وتتنبأ بأنها ستضمحل على فترات زمنية هائلة، قد تستغرق تريليونات السنوات، في حالة حدوثها. وحتى الآن لم يلحظ أحد انحلال البروتون، رغم جهود بعض الأبحاث الجريئة.

وهذا الاضمحلال سيؤذن بنهاية المادة كما نعرفها. إذ ستتحول النجوم والكواكب ببطء إلى إشعاع وإلكترونات حرة ومضاداتها التي تسمى بوزيترون، ولن تكون قادرة على تكوين أنظمة بيئية صالحة للعيش.

وستتحول آخر النجوم القزمة الصغيرة الباردة تدريجيا إلى بلورات الهيليوم والهيدروجين التي تتبخر ببطء وسط السكون الذي يسود الكون. ولن يتبقى شيء في الكون سوى إشعاعات وثقوب سوداء.

أما عن سبل النجاة، فكما يقول الروائي إسحاق عظيموف، في قصته القصيرة “السؤال الأخير”: “لا يوجد حتى الآن ما يكفي من البيانات للحصول على إجابة شافية”.

يمكنك قراءة الموضوع الأصلي على موقع BBC Future

المزيد عن : الفلك/الفضاء الخارجي/فنون/استكشاف الفضاء

 

 

 

 

 

 

You may also like

91 comments

Jamee Mega 7 يوليو، 2020 - 2:08 م

I simply want to say I am very new to weblog and definitely savored this page. Very likely I’m want to bookmark your website . You certainly come with very good well written articles. Many thanks for revealing your web-site.

http://www.withapackofpizzaz.com

Reply
where to buy the cheapest viagra 9 يوليو، 2020 - 4:00 ص

very good post, i definitely love this site, go on it

https://judpharmacy.com/

Reply
pure cbd 9 يوليو، 2020 - 8:12 ص

I have been exploring for a little for any high quality articles or blog posts in this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I ultimately stumbled upon this web site. Reading this information So i¡¦m glad to show that I have an incredibly good uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I such a lot indubitably will make certain to don¡¦t forget this web site and give it a look a relentless basis.

https://investingacad.com/scammers-sell-fake-crypto-currency-telegram/

Reply
you could try this out 10 يوليو، 2020 - 1:03 م

Oh my benefits! an incredible write-up man. Thank you Nevertheless I am experiencing issue with ur rss. Don?t recognize why Incapable to sign up for it. Is there any person getting identical rss trouble? Any person that knows kindly respond. Thnkx

https://judproducts.com/

Reply
security screens 10 يوليو، 2020 - 5:18 م

Hello! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to check it out. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers! Outstanding blog and brilliant design.

https://youtu.be/f4Sa8t2b-H8

Reply
Tractor Workshop Manuals 10 يوليو، 2020 - 10:59 م

“To start earning money with your blog, initially use Google Adsense but gradually as your traffic increases”

http://www.repairloader.net

Reply
Tractor Workshop Manuals 15 يوليو، 2020 - 5:51 ص

Straight to the point, i love it. Dont let anyone stop us bloggers.

http://www.repairloader.net

Reply
cbd dog pharmacokinetics 15 يوليو، 2020 - 4:35 م

An intriguing discussion is worth remark. I assume that you must create extra on this subject, it could not be a forbidden topic yet typically people are not nearly enough to talk on such topics. To the following. Thanks

https://cbdoilfordog.org/

Reply
can i safely drink my dogs cbd oil 16 يوليو، 2020 - 3:31 ص

Your place is valueble for me. Thanks !?

https://wfieldsforpets.com/

Reply
nope, cbd isn't weed & wonӴ get your dog high - here's why it's so crazy popular 16 يوليو، 2020 - 5:00 م

You must participate in a contest for among the most effective blog sites online. I will certainly recommend this site!

https://cannabidioloilfordogs.com/

Reply
what benefits does cbd oil have in dogs 18 يوليو، 2020 - 2:18 ص

A fascinating discussion is worth remark. I believe that you need to compose much more on this topic, it might not be a forbidden topic yet normally people are not enough to talk on such topics. To the following. Thanks

https://cannabidioloilfordogs.com/

Reply
useful site 20 يوليو، 2020 - 10:01 ص

Oh my benefits! an outstanding article man. Thanks Nonetheless I am experiencing issue with ur rss. Don?t recognize why Not able to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting identical rss problem? Any individual that recognizes kindly respond. Thnkx

https://judpharmacy.com/generic/aricept_prices.htm

Reply
Margarita Vanvalkenbur 23 يوليو، 2020 - 4:23 ص

There is visibly a package to find out about this. I presume you made sure good points in attributes likewise.

http://mrso-mon.ru/

Reply
click here for info 25 يوليو، 2020 - 11:09 ص

There are absolutely a great deal of information like that to take into account. That is a wonderful point to bring up. I offer the ideas above as general motivation yet plainly there are inquiries like the one you raise where one of the most crucial point will certainly be operating in straightforward good faith. I don?t know if finest techniques have actually arised around points like that, however I am sure that your task is clearly determined as an up for grabs. Both boys and also girls really feel the impact of just a moment?s enjoyment, for the rest of their lives.

http://peresmishnik.ru/3-ideas-to-pick-up-the-best-mattress-for-back-pain/

Reply
read the article 28 يوليو، 2020 - 11:27 ص

The next time I check out a blog site, I wish that it doesn’t disappoint me as much as this one. I imply, I understand it was my selection to check out, but I in fact assumed youd have something intriguing to claim. All I listen to is a lot of whining regarding something that you could take care of if you werent also busy searching for focus.

http://diskkurs.ru/tuft-amp-needle-first-mattress-princess-or-queen/

Reply
you can look here 30 يوليو، 2020 - 10:01 ص

I am often to blogging and i really value your content. The write-up has truly peaks my interest. I am mosting likely to bookmark your site and keep checking for brand-new details.

http://ldpr-krsk.ru/new-patient-safeguards-for-internet-drugstore-prescriptions-cbd-and-muscle-recovery/

Reply
안전카지노 30 يوليو، 2020 - 10:15 ص Reply
안전 메이저사이트 30 يوليو، 2020 - 12:47 م

Best you can see in the morning !

https://www.tranquilkneads.org

Reply
안전해외사이트 30 يوليو، 2020 - 11:27 م

Best view in the town !

https://kizi-2.org

Reply
안전놀이터 31 يوليو، 2020 - 3:18 م

Love watching movies !

https://www.tranquilkneads.org

Reply
straight from the source 31 يوليو، 2020 - 7:14 م

Hello! I simply would like to offer a substantial thumbs up for the great information you have here on this message. I will certainly be coming back to your blog for more soon.

http://doppping.ru/

Reply
안전사이트 31 يوليو، 2020 - 8:04 م

Best you can see in the morning !

https://www.tranquilkneads.org

Reply
안전카지노 1 أغسطس، 2020 - 11:15 م

Best view in the town !

https://warrantnavi.net

Reply
Rita 2 أغسطس، 2020 - 4:50 ص

I really like what you guys are up too. Such clever work and coverage! Keep up the terrific works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to blogroll.

https://www.landpage.co/c9ad11cc-c83c-11ea-8c4c-def777a16ebd

Reply
helpful hints 2 أغسطس، 2020 - 9:18 ص

Hello! I simply would like to give a significant thumbs up for the wonderful information you have below on this post. I will certainly be coming back to your blog for more soon.

http://polyskidki.ru/7-hints-to-pick-up-the-best-mattress-for-back-pain/

Reply
안전사이트 2 أغسطس، 2020 - 10:07 ص

Love watching movies !

https://tripleshottuesday.com

Reply
안전토토 3 أغسطس، 2020 - 12:06 ص

Love watching movies !

https://kizi-2.org

Reply
안전사이트 3 أغسطس، 2020 - 12:07 ص

Best view in the town !

https://www.tranquilkneads.org

Reply
you can check here 4 أغسطس، 2020 - 2:05 م

An outstanding share, I simply offered this onto a coworker that was doing a little analysis on this. And also he as a matter of fact bought me breakfast since I found it for him. smile. So let me rephrase that: Thnx for the treat! However yeah Thnkx for investing the moment to review this, I really feel strongly concerning it as well as love reading more on this topic. Ideally, as you end up being know-how, would certainly you mind updating your blog with even more details? It is highly useful for me. Big thumb up for this article!

http://acspark.ru/ten-answers-to-most-popular-questions-about-cialis-cbd-oil-for-dogs-dosage/

Reply
top article 5 أغسطس، 2020 - 9:26 ص

There are absolutely a great deal of details like that to think about. That is a wonderful indicate bring up. I supply the ideas above as basic inspiration yet clearly there are inquiries like the one you bring up where one of the most essential thing will certainly be working in honest good faith. I don?t know if best techniques have arised around things like that, yet I am sure that your job is plainly recognized as a fair game. Both young boys and girls really feel the impact of simply a moment?s satisfaction, for the remainder of their lives.

http://gogobeauty.ru/what-are-the-dangerous-effects-of-tadalafil-blood-pressure-medicine-that-does-not-cause-erectile-dysfunction/

Reply
security screens near me 6 أغسطس، 2020 - 6:51 ص

I like what you guys are usually up too. This kind of clever work and coverage! Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve included you guys to my own blogroll.

https://youtu.be/f4Sa8t2b-H8

Reply
Las Vegas 6 أغسطس، 2020 - 10:51 ص

Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

https://youtu.be/f4Sa8t2b-H8

Reply
dog doors for security screens 6 أغسطس، 2020 - 3:26 م

Hello! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My web site looks weird when viewing from my apple iphone. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this problem. If you have any suggestions, please share. Thanks!

https://youtu.be/MEnTSuDaSRU

Reply
high cbd strain e juice online 7 أغسطس، 2020 - 12:40 م

A fascinating conversation is worth comment. I believe that you should compose much more on this subject, it might not be a taboo subject yet normally people are not enough to speak on such topics. To the following. Cheers

https://cbdoilcompanies.com/

Reply
cbd oil for pets dosage 9 أغسطس، 2020 - 9:04 ص

After research a few of the blog posts on your web site currently, and also I absolutely like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my book marking website list and will certainly be examining back quickly. Pls look into my website also as well as let me know what you think.

https://blurpalicious.com/

Reply
free sexting site 10 أغسطس، 2020 - 12:35 ص

Hi this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding know-how so I wanted to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

https://is.gd/9UFtiK

Reply
Amalia Lathan 10 أغسطس، 2020 - 7:09 م

you have an excellent blog here! would certainly you like to make some invite blog posts on my blog?

http://ydimijume.ru/

Reply
viagra does not work 14 أغسطس، 2020 - 11:13 ص

There are some interesting points in this article yet I don?t recognize if I see all of them facility to heart. There is some legitimacy however I will certainly take hold point of view till I consider it better. Great short article, thanks as well as we desire more! Contributed to FeedBurner too

https://judproducts.com/

Reply
when is the best time to take viagra 14 أغسطس، 2020 - 11:15 م

There are absolutely a lot of details like that to think about. That is a great indicate bring up. I provide the thoughts above as general motivation yet clearly there are questions like the one you bring up where one of the most important thing will be working in honest good faith. I don?t know if ideal techniques have actually emerged around things like that, yet I make sure that your work is plainly identified as an up for grabs. Both young boys as well as girls feel the influence of just a moment?s enjoyment, for the rest of their lives.

https://judpharmacy.com/

Reply
Google 15 أغسطس، 2020 - 4:01 م

You should take part in a contest for one of the finest blogs on the net. I am going to recommend this web site!

https://google.com

Reply
how to take viagra age at age 74 16 أغسطس، 2020 - 7:59 م

I was very pleased to discover this web-site. I wanted to thanks for your time for this fantastic read!! I certainly enjoying every bit of it as well as I have you bookmarked to look into new stuff you blog post.

https://judshop.com/

Reply
what's the difference between viagra and cialis 18 أغسطس، 2020 - 9:09 م

I?m amazed, I must state. Actually hardly ever do I encounter a blog that?s both enlightening as well as entertaining, and let me inform you, you have actually hit the nail on the head. Your suggestion is exceptional; the issue is something that not enough people are speaking wisely around. I am extremely delighted that I stumbled across this in my search for something connecting to this.

https://jud10.org/

Reply
how to buy viagra without seeing a doctor 19 أغسطس، 2020 - 10:32 ص

Can I simply say what a relief to locate somebody that actually knows what theyre discussing on the internet. You most definitely understand just how to bring a problem to light and also make it vital. Even more people need to read this and also recognize this side of the tale. I angle think youre not much more prominent because you definitely have the gift.

https://viagrawithoutadoctorprescription.com/

Reply
ron white viagra 21 أغسطس، 2020 - 8:35 ص

It?s hard to discover knowledgeable individuals on this subject, yet you seem like you understand what you?re discussing! Many thanks

https://noprescriptionproducts.com/

Reply
schizophrenia and cbd oil 26 أغسطس، 2020 - 3:12 ص

You ought to participate in a competition for among the most effective blogs on the internet. I will recommend this website!

https://blurpalicious.com/

Reply
og kush cbd fname oil 28 أغسطس، 2020 - 3:33 م

There are some fascinating times in this article yet I don?t know if I see all of them facility to heart. There is some credibility but I will certainly hold point of view until I explore it further. Good short article, thanks as well as we desire extra! Contributed to FeedBurner too

https://cannabiseducationcentre.com/

Reply
anonymous 31 أغسطس، 2020 - 11:20 ص

This internet site is really a walk-through for all of the details you desired regarding this and didn?t recognize that to ask. Glimpse here, as well as you?ll most definitely find it.

http://ruscon-mordovia.ru/the-safest-way-to-purchase-treatment-online-cbd-essential-oil-for-seizures-in-adults/

Reply
cbd oil 5 سبتمبر، 2020 - 10:22 ص Reply
is expired cialis dangerous 9 سبتمبر، 2020 - 9:17 ص

I discovered your blog site on google and also check a few of your early articles. Remain to keep up the great run. I just extra up your RSS feed to my MSN Information Reader. Looking for forward to reading more from you in the future!?

https://chrxproducts.com/

Reply
sildenafil pill 11 سبتمبر، 2020 - 1:24 ص

After research study a few of the post on your web site now, and I truly like your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my book marking site checklist and will be examining back soon. Pls have a look at my website as well as well as let me know what you think.

https://stablepharmacy.com/

Reply
sildenafil 50 mg uses 14 سبتمبر، 2020 - 4:28 ص

Aw, this was a truly good article. In suggestion I would love to place in creating similar to this furthermore? taking time as well as actual initiative to make a very good post? however what can I state? I hesitate alot as well as by no means seem to get something done.

https://fortunegraphite.com/

Reply
whats better sildenafil 30mg or tadalafil 6mg 14 سبتمبر، 2020 - 9:32 م

It?s difficult to find well-informed people on this topic, yet you sound like you understand what you?re discussing! Thanks

https://tevaviagra.com/

Reply
can i cut sildenafil in half 16 سبتمبر، 2020 - 10:33 ص

Youre so cool! I do not suppose Ive read anything such as this before. So great to locate somebody with some initial ideas on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this internet site is something that is needed on the internet, someone with a little originality. beneficial work for bringing something new to the web!

https://upharmacy24.com/

Reply
sildenafil citrate cheap online 17 سبتمبر، 2020 - 1:24 م

I found your blog website on google and also inspect a few of your very early articles. Continue to maintain the excellent operate. I just additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Viewers. Looking for forward to reading more from you in the future!?

https://cheapgenericpills.com/

Reply
where can i buy prescription drugs 18 سبتمبر، 2020 - 7:02 ص

This is the right blog site for anybody that intends to discover this topic. You realize so much its virtually difficult to say with you (not that I actually would want?HaHa). You absolutely placed a brand-new spin on a subject thats been discussed for many years. Excellent stuff, simply fantastic!

https://pharmacywithoutdoctorprescription.com/

Reply
low thc cbd oil for sale 21 سبتمبر، 2020 - 10:46 ص

This web site is actually a walk-through for every one of the information you desired concerning this and didn?t recognize that to ask. Peek right here, and also you?ll absolutely discover it.

https://cbdhempoilsale.us/

Reply
Ahmad Knap 27 سبتمبر، 2020 - 11:02 م

You made some suitable factors there. I viewed on the web for the issue and found most individuals will go along with with your web site.

http://siamonlakeunion.com/

Reply
wholesale cbd products for sale 30 سبتمبر، 2020 - 6:16 م

A remarkable share, I just provided this onto a colleague that was doing a little analysis on this. As well as he as a matter of fact bought me breakfast because I located it for him. smile. So let me rephrase that: Thnx for the treat! However yeah Thnkx for investing the time to discuss this, I really feel strongly regarding it and also like learning more on this subject. If possible, as you come to be know-how, would you mind upgrading your blog site with even more information? It is very practical for me. Huge thumb up for this article!

https://cannabidioloilsale.com/

Reply
prosthodontist near me 30 سبتمبر، 2020 - 9:46 م

Hmm it appears like your blog ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing. Do you have any recommendations for inexperienced blog writers? I’d really appreciate it.

http://maps.google.am/url?q=https://www.google.com/maps?cid=4475027198637780466

Reply
tooth doctor 1 أكتوبر، 2020 - 4:42 ص

Hey! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website? I’m getting fed up of Wordpress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

https://maps.google.com.co/url?q=https://www.google.com/maps?cid=4475027198637780466

Reply
sedation dentistry 2 أكتوبر، 2020 - 11:01 ص

Hiya! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog post or vice-versa? My blog goes over a lot of the same topics as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you might be interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Terrific blog by the way!

https://redirect.camfrog.com/redirect/?url=https://sites.google.com/site/affordabledentistinannapolismd/

Reply
brunswick dental 2 أكتوبر، 2020 - 3:27 م

I don’t know if it’s just me or if perhaps everyone else encountering issues with your blog. It looks like some of the written text on your posts are running off the screen. Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if this is happening to them too? This could be a issue with my browser because I’ve had this happen previously. Thanks

http://nanos.jp/jmp?url=https://sites.google.com/site/dentistorangecountyca/

Reply
teeth contouring 2 أكتوبر، 2020 - 7:06 م

Outstanding post but I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Bless you!

http://nou-rau.uem.br/nou-rau/zeus/register.php?back=http://www.jackiejonesdmd.com

Reply
my dentist 4 أكتوبر، 2020 - 6:38 م

This design is wicked! You obviously know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!

http://www.meinvz.net/Link/Dereferrer/?https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5idXp6c3Byb3V0LmNvbS83OTUyOTAucnNz

Reply
alat alat laboratorium 5 أكتوبر، 2020 - 12:37 م

Your style is really unique in comparison to other people I’ve read stuff from. I appreciate you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this web site.

http://www.geati.ifc-camboriu.edu.br/wiki/index.php/Sekilas-Mengenal-Alat–Alat-Lab-r

Reply
Agen QQ Terbaik 5 أكتوبر، 2020 - 12:42 م

Everyone loves it when folks get together and share opinions. Great website, continue the good work!

http://vopsav.ru/user/rios90lundgaard/

Reply
Silas Faure 6 أكتوبر، 2020 - 9:08 م

You made some decent points there. I looked on the internet for the issue and located most people go in addition to with your website.

https://justpaste.it/6w6xf

Reply
Foster Drake 7 أكتوبر، 2020 - 8:20 م

I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it I

http://health253.mystrikingly.com/blog/increase-your-levels-of-energy-with-one-of-these-nutrition-recommendations

Reply
Wilbert Grandi 8 أكتوبر، 2020 - 12:50 م

Woah this is just an insane amount of information, must of taken ages to compile so cheers so much for just sharing it with all of us.

https://justpaste.it/3ed1s

Reply
cbd oil for dogs vet 16 أكتوبر، 2020 - 3:10 ص

I was really pleased to locate this web-site. I wanted to thanks for your time for this fantastic read!! I absolutely delighting in every little of it as well as I have you bookmarked to take a look at new stuff you post.

https://cannabidioloilfordogs.com/

Reply
cbd for pain 17 أكتوبر، 2020 - 2:20 ص

Youre so amazing! I don’t intend Ive check out anything like this before. So great to discover someone with some initial ideas on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up. this website is something that is required on the web, someone with a little creativity. helpful work for bringing something brand-new to the internet!

https://cannabidiolnopain.com/

Reply
Daine Franzini 27 أكتوبر، 2020 - 2:54 م

When I originally commented I clicked the -Alert me when brand-new comments are included- checkbox as well as currently each time a comment is added I get four e-mails with the same remark. Exists any way you can eliminate me from that solution? Many thanks!

http://uglich.su/

Reply
Shelby Furbush 28 أكتوبر، 2020 - 2:48 م

This web site is really a walk-through for every one of the details you wanted regarding this and didn?t understand that to ask. Peek here, and you?ll most definitely discover it.

https://cbdediblescandy.com/

Reply
security screens for windows and doors 7 نوفمبر، 2020 - 6:52 م

Hello would you mind letting me know which web host you’re working with? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different internet browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most. Can you suggest a good web hosting provider at a honest price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!

https://www.marthastewart.com/7847693/cleaning-screen-door-tips

Reply
can cbd oil help restless legs 9 نوفمبر، 2020 - 6:54 ص

Oh my benefits! an impressive short article guy. Thank you Nonetheless I am experiencing issue with ur rss. Don?t know why Unable to subscribe to it. Is there any person getting similar rss problem? Any person who knows kindly respond. Thnkx

https://cannabisoil2018.com/

Reply
canada online healthlink pharmacy 11 ديسمبر، 2020 - 4:17 ص

There are some fascinating moments in this short article but I don?t recognize if I see every one of them facility to heart. There is some credibility however I will take hold opinion until I consider it even more. Excellent post, many thanks and also we desire extra! Contributed to FeedBurner also

http://supermarketpharmacysummit.com/

Reply
viagra without a doctor prescription price 15 ديسمبر، 2020 - 4:48 م

After research a few of the blog posts on your website now, and I genuinely like your method of blog writing. I bookmarked it to my bookmark internet site checklist and also will certainly be checking back quickly. Pls take a look at my web site as well and also let me know what you think.

http://judshop.com/

Reply
buy viagra without a doctor prescription 16 ديسمبر، 2020 - 2:23 م

There is noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made sure good points in attributes additionally.

https://jud10.org/

Reply
fake cbd oil 18 ديسمبر، 2020 - 8:04 ص

An outstanding share, I simply given this onto a coworker that was doing a little analysis on this. And also he in fact bought me morning meal due to the fact that I discovered it for him. smile. So let me rephrase that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to review this, I really feel strongly regarding it and also enjoy reading more on this subject. If possible, as you become competence, would certainly you mind updating your blog with even more information? It is highly valuable for me. Big thumb up for this blog post!

http://cannabisoil24.com/

Reply
viacheaper cialis drug review 18 ديسمبر، 2020 - 11:43 م

It?s difficult to find well-informed people on this topic, but you seem like you know what you?re speaking about! Many thanks

http://cialispharm.com/

Reply
best cialis prices with prescription 20 ديسمبر، 2020 - 7:32 ص

you have a fantastic blog site right here! would certainly you like to make some welcome posts on my blog site?

https://chrxproducts.com/

Reply
teva generic cialis price 21 ديسمبر، 2020 - 7:52 ص

You ought to participate in a competition for one of the most effective blog sites online. I will suggest this website!

https://cheapgenericpharmacy.org/

Reply
prednisone dose pack 21 ديسمبر، 2020 - 11:51 م

An outstanding share, I just given this onto a coworker who was doing a little analysis on this. And he as a matter of fact got me morning meal because I discovered it for him. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the reward! However yeah Thnkx for spending the moment to review this, I really feel strongly concerning it as well as like reading more on this subject. If possible, as you become competence, would you mind updating your blog site with more information? It is very handy for me. Big thumb up for this post!

https://judpharma.com/zz239887.htm

Reply
is tadalafil citrate liquid dangerous 22 ديسمبر، 2020 - 9:52 م

really wonderful post, i definitely like this website, keep on it

https://usorganicpharmacy.com/

Reply
what is viagra used for 24 ديسمبر، 2020 - 4:59 ص

This is the best blog for anyone who wishes to find out about this subject. You recognize a lot its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want?HaHa). You definitely placed a brand-new spin on a topic thats been written about for several years. Great stuff, simply wonderful!

https://judproducts.com/

Reply
can you buy viagra at walgreens 25 ديسمبر، 2020 - 3:51 م

you have a wonderful blog site right here! would you such as to make some welcome blog posts on my blog site?

https://judpharmacy.com/

Reply
niacin instead of viagra 26 ديسمبر، 2020 - 9:00 ص

This internet site is actually a walk-through for every one of the info you desired about this and didn?t understand that to ask. Peek right here, and you?ll most definitely discover it.

https://judrxstore.com/

Reply
sildenafil giant eagle 27 ديسمبر، 2020 - 3:25 م

When I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox as well as now each time a remark is included I get four emails with the same remark. Exists any way you can eliminate me from that solution? Many thanks!

https://fortunegraphite.com/

Reply
sildenafil rectally 28 ديسمبر، 2020 - 4:40 م

you have a fantastic blog below! would certainly you such as to make some invite posts on my blog?

https://tevaviagra.com/

Reply
sildenafil citrate therapy 29 ديسمبر، 2020 - 10:11 ص

There are some intriguing times in this write-up but I don?t understand if I see all of them center to heart. There is some legitimacy however I will certainly take hold point of view till I consider it additionally. Great post, many thanks and also we desire more! Contributed to FeedBurner as well

https://upharmacy24.com/

Reply
sildenafil or cialis 31 ديسمبر، 2020 - 9:57 ص

I?m pleased, I should state. Really hardly ever do I experience a blog site that?s both educative and entertaining, as well as let me inform you, you have struck the nail on the head. Your suggestion is impressive; the concern is something that insufficient people are talking wisely about. I am very satisfied that I came across this in my look for something relating to this.

https://cheapgenericpills.com/

Reply

Leave a Comment

Editor-in-Chief: Nabil El-bkaili

CANADAVOICE is a free website  officially registered in NS / Canada.

 We are talking about CANADA’S international relations and their repercussions on

peace in the world.

 We care about matters related to asylum ,  refugees , immigration and their role in the development of CANADA.

We care about the economic and Culture movement and living in CANADA and the economic activity and its development in NOVA  SCOTIA and all Canadian provinces.

 CANADA VOICE is THE VOICE OF CANADA to the world

Published By : 4381689 CANADA VOICE \ EPUBLISHING \ NEWS – MEDIA WEBSITE

Tegistry id 438173 NS-HALIFAX

1013-5565 Nora Bernard str B3K 5K9  NS – Halifax  Canada

1 902 2217137 –

Email: nelbkaili@yahoo.com 

 

Editor-in-Chief : Nabil El-bkaili
-
00:00
00:00
Update Required Flash plugin
-
00:00
00:00