ترجمات – سكاي نيوز عربية – أبوظبي – كوكبان شبيهان بالأرض يبعدان عنها 12 سنة ضوئية فقط ويدوران حول نجم صغير باهت قد يحتويان على مياه سائلة وربما شكلا من أشكال الحياة بحسب ما كشف علماء فلك.
والكوكبان يدوران حول نجم يعرف باسم “تيغاردن”، ويدوران في المنطقة التي تدعم الحياة، مثل المنطقة التي تدور فيها الأرض حول الشمس، وتم اكتشافهما بواسطة مرصد ثالار ألتو في إسبانيا، في يونيو الماضي.
ووفقا لتقارير صحفية علمية، فإن الكوكبين، اللذين يدوران حول النجم تيغاردن، الذي يبعد عن الأرض12.5 سنة ضوئية، مناسبان تماما لوجود مياه سائلة على سطحهما وذلك لتوافر الأجواء اللازمة عليهما.
وبحسب العلماء، يمكن للكوكبين “بي” و”سي”، التابعين للنجم تيغاردن، دعم وجود المياه عليهما، حتى لو كانوا لا يعرفون شكل الغلاف الجوي لهما.
ويزعم العلماء أنه حتى لو كان الغلاف الجوي للكوكبين رقيقا نسبيا، بالمقارنة مع الغلاف الجوي للأرض، أو كان أثخن كثيرا، فقد يظل هذين العالمين قابلين للحياة ولوجود الماء.
يشار إلى أنه تم اكتشاف الكوكبين، اللذين يتبعان النجم تيغاردن، لأول مرة في يونيو 2019، من خلال ما يعرف باسم “مسح كارمينيس” في مرصد ثالار ألتو.
أما النجم تيغاردن، الذي سمي تيمنا باسم عالم الفيزياء الفلكية في ناسا بونارد تيغاردن، فهو “نجم قزم” أحمر أشعته وطاقته الصادرة عنه قليلة مقارنة بشمسنا.
ويدور الكوكبان في مدارات قريبة جدا من نجمها، مما يعني أن الجانب نفسه من كل كوكب يواجه دائما نجم تيغاردن، مع العلم أن الكوكب بي يدور حول النجم مرة كل 5 أيام، بينما دورة النجم سي تكتمل كل 11 يوما.
ويجادل بعض العلماء بأن ظاهرة يطلق عليها اسم “قفل المد والجزر” قد تصاحب الكوكبين، وهي نفس الظاهرة التي تبقي الجانب القريب من القمر في مواجهة الأرض، الأمر الذي يعني تأمين استمرار حالتي المد والجزر، وهو ما يساعد في دعم وجود الحياة عليهما، باعتبار أن هذا النوع من الأجواء مطلوب من أجل توافر المياه السائلة عليهما وبالتالي دعم وجود حياة.
غير أن عالمة فيزياء الفلك في وكالة ناسا جيسي كريستيانسن، التي لم تشارك في الدراسة الحالية التي نشرت في مجلة “نيو ساينتست”، أكدت أن الكواكب المقفلة في المد والجزر قد تشكل عقبات أمام تطور الحياة.
وأوضحت أن بعض الخبراء يعتقدون أن وجود دورة “الليل والنهار” أمر حيوي بالنسبة للكائنات الحية، وهو أمر لا يمكن تجربته في العالم الذي يحافظ دائما على نفس الجانب الذي يواجه نجمه.
وأضافت أنه، علاوة على ذلك، يمكن أن يعمل “قفل المد والجزر” على كبح المجال المغناطيسي للكوكب، مما يعني أن هذه الهيئات ستكون أكثر عرضة للإشعاع الضار من نجمها المضيف.
لكن كريستيانسن قالت إنه على الرغم من هذه المخاوف، فإن “الكوكبين الذين يدوران حول نجم تيغاردن مثيران للغاية”، مشيرة إلى أنها ستخضعهما للدراسة لبعض الوقت وستستكشف الاحتمالات وجود المياه السائلة عليهما.
المزيد عن : أخبار الفلك/الحياة في الفضاء/نجوم وكواكب/نجم قزم/الليل والنهار/المد والجزر
أخبار ذات صلة
ناسا تبحث عن “مؤشرات الحياة” في كوكب قريب
ناسا تكتشف كوكبا جديدا بثلاث شموس
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