الأحد, نوفمبر 17, 2024
الأحد, نوفمبر 17, 2024
Home » كوكب جديد أمطاره من حديد

كوكب جديد أمطاره من حديد

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يعيش مناخين متناقضين وفي المساء تسقط سماؤه سيولاً معدنية

اندبندنت عربية / اندرو غريفين –  محرّر التكنولوجيا ومراسل العلوم

عثر باحثون فلكيّون على كوكبٍ متطرّف في أدائه وبعيد جدّاً من الأرض، يُعتقد أن أمطاره من الحديد. ويظلّ النهار مستمراً في أحد جانبي الكوكب فتبلغ الحرارة فيه قرابة 2400 درجة مئوية، ما يؤدّي إلى تبخر المعادن الموجودة على سطحه.

في المقابل، تحمل رياحٌ قوية المعادن المتبخّرة إلى الجانب الآخر من الكوكب الذي يعيش في الظلام بشكل دائم، وتستمر لياليه أبداً في ظل برودة متزايدة. وبذا، يبرد بخار الحديد ويتكّثف على شكل قطراتٍ معدنية تسقط أمطاراً على سطح ذلك الجانب من الكوكب.

ويؤكّد الدكتور ديفيد إهرنريتش الأستاذ في جامعة جنيف في سويسرا، الذي قاد الدراسة التي عثرت على هذا الكوكب الغريب الموجود خارج النظام الشمسي للأرض، أنه “يمكن القول إن هذا الكوكب يمطر في المساء، إلا أنه يمطر حديداً”.

وقد عُرّف الكوكب باسم “واسب- 76 ب” ويبعد حوالى 640 سنة ضوئية عن الأرض، ويقع ضمن مجموعة نجوم برج الحوت.

وبحسب المتابعات التي أجريت بواسطة تليسكوب “إيزو/ مارتن كونرميسّير”، فإن البيئة القاسية تحديداً على سطح الكوكب المكتشف، تعود إلى أن “جانب النهار” فيه، يواجه في شكل دائم النجمة المركزية التي يدور حولها [مع ملاحظة أن النجوم شموس]. في المقابل، يسود ظلام دائم على طرفه الآخر الذي يمكن تسميته “الجانب الليلي”. وعلى غرار القمر الذي يدور حول الأرض لكن أحد وجهيه يبقى مواجهاً لها وللشمس بشكل ثابت، فيما يبقى الجانب الآخر مظلماً دوماً، يدور كوكب “واسب- 76ب” حول شمسه لكنه يدور أيضاً حول محوره ويبقى أحد وجهيه مقابلاً لها فيما الوجه الآخر يبقى في الظلام دوماً.

واستطراداً، يتعرّض الجانب النهاري من الكوكب لإشعاعات من شمسه تفوق آلاف المرّات تلك التي نتلقّاها على الأرض من شمس مجموعتنا. وتجبر الحرارة الجزيئات على التفتت فتصبح ذرّات متناثرة، وتكوّن بخاراً معدنياً يتجمع في الغلاف الجوي.

وفي ذلك الصدد، يرى العلماء إن الفارق [في الحرارة] بين طرفَي الكوكب يتسبّب في هبوب رياح حوله، فتحمل بخار الحديد من الجانب الحارّ إلى الطرف البارد، وتسقطها مرّةً أخرى على شكل أمطار معدنية.

وإضافةً إلى درجات الحرارة المختلفة، تسود كيمياء مختلفة في جانبي ذلك الكوكب. وإذ تمكّن العلماء الفلكيّون من مشاهدة الكوكب باستخدام أداة “إسبرِسو” (اختصاراً مصطلح لتقنية “قياس مطياف الكواكب الخارجية الصخرية والمراقبة الطيفية المستقرّة”) على التلسكوب الكبير العملاق، فقد اكتشفوا الاختلافات الواضحة بين جانبَي هذا الكوكب.

© The Independent

المزيد عن: واسب 76ب/كوكب سيار/القمر/الأرض/الشمس

 

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