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Home » كورونا الجديد يشل الاقتصاد الصيني

كورونا الجديد يشل الاقتصاد الصيني

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البوابة / كشفت الصين التي يعاني اقتصادها شللاً بسبب مكافحة فيروس كورونا الجديد اليوم الاثنين عن نتائج اقتصادية أسوأ مما كان متوقعاً مع مجموعة من المؤشرات الكارثية، بينها تراجع الإنتاج الصناعي للمرة الأولى منذ قرابة 30 عاماً، وانهيار مبيعات التجزئة.

وتقلص الإنتاج الصناعي في الشهرين الأولين من السنة الراهنة بنسبة 13.5% على أساس سنوي، في مقابل نمو نسبته 6.9% في ديسمبر/كانون الأول الماضي.

وهذا أول تراجع يسجل منذ يناير/كانون الثاني 1990 (بنسبة – 21.1 %) على ما أفادت إيريس بانغ خبيرة الاقتصاد لدى “أي ان جي”.

وانهارت مبيعات المفرق التي تشكل مؤشراً للاستهلاك بنسبة 20.5% مقارنة بيناير وفبراير/شباط 2019، على ما أعلن المكتب الوطني للإحصاءات.

وأوضح المكتب أن “وباء فيروس كورونا الجديد أثّر سلباً في النشاط الاقتصادي في الشهرين الأولين من السنة”، في وقت لزم فيه عشرات ملايين الصينيين منازلهم مع انتشار الوباء.
وأضاف بيان للمكتب: “لكن عموماً، فإن الانعكاسات على المدة القصيرة ستكون قابلة للسيطرة”.

وعانى الاقتصاد الصيني من شلل شبه تام في فبراير بسبب إجراءات مكافحة الوباء التي اتخذتها السلطات، وقد وضع سكان إقليم هوباي البالغ عددهم 56 مليوناً من حيث انطلق الوباء نهاية العام الماضي، في الحجر الصحي، ما أثر كثيراً بحركة نقل السلع وسلاسل التموين.

وقد انهارت الصادرات الصينية، محرك اقتصاد البلاد، بنسبة 17.2% في الشهرين الأولين من 2020 على أساس سنوي.

وشهد معدل البطالة الذي يحتسب في الصين في المدن فقط، في فبراير ارتفاعاً نسبته 6.2% في مقابل 5.2% في يناير، بحسب مكتب الإحصاءات. وكانت هذه النسبة 3.8% خلال عام 2019 برمته.

وقررت بكين، دعماً للنشاط الاقتصادي، الجمعة ضخّ نحو 70 مليار يورو في الاقتصاد، وخفض المصرف المركزي الصيني الاثنين معدل الاحتياط الإلزامي للمصارف بنصف نقطة مئوية لتصل إلى 1%.

ويأمل بذلك تحفيز المصارف التجارية على تقديم المزيد من القروض للشركات لدعم الاقتصاد الحقيقي، ولا سيما الشركات الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وهي الأكثر دينامية على صعيد استحداث الوظائف التي تضررت أكثر من غيرها.

توقع الأسوأ

ومُددت عطلة رأس السنة القمرية التي حلت في 25 يناير إلى العاشر من فبراير، في أغلب أرجاء البلاد، في محاولة للسيطرة على الوباء. ولا يزال استئناف النشاط مجتزأً جداً، فيما تواجه شركات كثيرة صعوبة في إعادة إطلاق عجلة الإنتاج، مع أن مدناً كبيرة مثل بكين وشنغهاي بدأت في الأيام الأخيرة تستعيد بعضاً من نشاطها.

وسُجل تراجع كبير في الإصابات الجديدة في الصين في الأسابيع الأخيرة، فيما يشهد العالم ارتفاعاً صاروخياً على هذا الصعيد، ولا سيما أوروبا.

وقال المحلل جوليان إيفانز-بريتشارد من “كابيتال إيكونوميكس”، إنه “في حال تحسُّن الوضع الصحي في الصين ببطء في الأشهر المقبلة، فإن انعكاسات فيروس كورونا الجديد على الصعيد العالمي ستستمر بلجم الانتعاش” الاقتصادي، معرباً عن خشيته من مؤشرات اقتصادية “أسوأ” الشهر المقبل.

 

 

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