مجلة رمان الثقافية / أنس العيلة – شاعر فلسطيني
جاء الفيلم الوثائقيّ “جان جينيه، أسير عاشق: سيرة شاعر مقاتل” (Jean Genet, un captif amoureux : parcours d’un poète combattant) كتابة وإخراج ميشيل كوليري ليضيء المرحلة الأخيرة من حياة أحد كتّاب فرنسا العظماء في القرن العشرين جان جينيه. ففي هذه المرحلة انشغل جينيه بثورتيّ تحرّر شكلتا محور حياته وهاجسه الشخصيّ والأدبيّ. فقد انخرط في نهاية الستينات في حركة Black Panthers (الفهود السود) المناضلة من أجل حقوق السود الأمريكيين. وبدأت القصة كما يعرض لنا الفيلم عندما توجهوا في البداية إليه طالبين منه أن يدعم مطالبهم بتوقيع رمزيّ على عرائضهم، كما فعلوا مع بقيّة الكتّاب والمثقفين الفرنسيين في تلك الفترة التي شهدت حركات تحرّر عالميّة في أكثر من دولة وقارة.
بدل أن يكتفي بتوقيع عريضة لمساندة حركتهم قرّر أن يذهب هناك ليرى بعينيه ما يجري من أحداث، فالتقى بقادة حركة السود في أمريكا وانخرط في نشاطاتهم. ونظّم من أجلهم لقاءات ومؤتمرات في أمريكا رافضا التحدّث عن مسرحه رغم إصرار الحضور، وتكريسه جلّ حديثه للدفاع عن مطالب السود وحقوقهم المدنيّة. وتوّجتْ هذه المرحلة أدبيّا بكتابته مقدمّة لرسائل جورج جكسون أحد قادة الحركة الذي كان مسجونا وقتها، لتصبح هذه المقدمّة من كلاسيكيات أدب حركة السود في أمريكا.
يقرّر بعد هذه التجربة كما يبين لنا الفيلم، الذهاب إلى الأردن ليعيش ستة أشهر مع الفدائيين الفلسطينيين في قواعدهم العسكريّة المختلفة. وهناك عاش “أكثر الفترات سعادة، أو أنها على الأقل الأكثر حماسة في حياته كلها”. ليعيش مأسوراً بحياة الفدائيين، وبعلاقاتهم اليوميّة وضحكاتهم التي كانت تتخللها القذائف ويحيط بها الموت من كل حدب وصوب. وكتب لاحقاً في كتابه البديع «أسير عاشق» Un captif amoureux عن “السلام العميق الذي كان يغمره بين البنادق، إلا إذا سقطت قذيقة بحجم إنسان”. واصفاً الفدائيين بما لم يستطع أحد قبله أن يصفهم: “الفدائييون تمرّدهم جماليّ، لأن ما يحدث في داخلهم له وقع فوريّ على هيئتهم وحركتهم، وعلى تصرّفاتهم، وطريقتهم في الوقوف باعتدال، يخلق التمرّد الجماليّ الخاصة به”. ووصف علاقته بالثورة قائلا ” الثورة الفلسطينيّة جذبتني بكلّ قواي”، بحيث كرّس المرحلة الأخيرة من حياته لمساندتها. لتستعيد الحياة لديه ألقها، وليجد لدى هؤلاء الشباب المناضلين الباحثين عن هويتهم الضائعة شيئا من حياة الطفل القابع فيه، اليتيم، المتروك، والثائر ضد فرنسا ومؤسساتها التعليميّة التي رفضته في مرحلة طفولته ليعيش طفولته في مدرسة أيتام. وهو الذي لم يمتلك يوماً بيتاً خاصا به، وقد مات في فندق في باريس، قال أنّه لم يستقبله أحد بدفء وحفاوة كما استقبله هؤلاء المناضلون الذين سُلبت بيوتهم.
ويذكر الفيلم الذي جاء على شكل مقابلات مع ليلى شهيد التي ربطتها علاقة صداقة حميمة مع جينيه، وبعض الدارسين المختصين في أدبه، أنّه حين باشر بكتابة نصه البديع «أسير عاشق» كان كاتباً متوقفاً عن الكتابة منذ قرابة عشرين عاماً، وذلك بسبب صدمته الكبيرة من انتحار عشيقه في تلك الفترة، لكنه استعاد شهوة الكتابة بعد تجربته مع الفدائيين في جبال الأردن وعجلون وجرش. ليكرّس نفسه لاحقاً للكتابة لمدّة ثلاث سنوات متتالية، وخلال مرحلة نضاله ضد السرطان، مُنجزاً بذلك آخر نصوصه الأدبية «أسير عاشق» قبل أن يموت عام 1986. والذي يعتبر كما تشير بعض المقالات الأكاديميّة نصاً غير معروف كفاية لقرّائه، ويقل ذكره من قبل النقّاد، ومعرفة الجمهور به محدودة. وهذا رغم قيمته الأدبية المتميّزة، فهو يشكل نموذجاً فريداً من الكتابة الأدبية التي يمتزج فيها التحليل السياسيّ بالذكريات الشخصيّة والأحداث التاريخيّة كما تشير أكثر من دراسة أكاديميّة حول أعماله. وفي هذا النص الأوتوبيوغرافيّ يُعلي قيمة لحظات الفرح والسعادة والتآزر بين أشخاص تبدو حياتهم هشّة وقابلة للاندثار من لحظة إلى أخرى. ويقدّم رؤية شخصيّة للتاريخ، كاتباً “أنّ مجد الأبطال لا يأتي من عظمة فتوحاتهم بل مما ينتجونه من أدب، الإلياذة باقية أما حرب أغمانون فلا”. هذا ما خلص إليه هذا “النبي الشرير” كما أطلق عليه سارتر.
ثم يتطرق الفيلم إلى رحلته في سبتمبر 1982 إلى بيروت ليقيم في بيت صديقته ليلى شهيد، وكان أوّل أوروبيّ يدخل إلى مخيميّ صبرا وشاتيلا بعد المجزرة التي عاشتها. تحت الصدمة الشديدة كتب نصه “أربع ساعات في شاتيلا” الذي أعلن فيه: “أشعر أنني أصبح فلسطينيا للمرّة الأولى في حياتي وأنني أكره إسرائيل”. وكانت قد طلبت منه ليلى شهيد أن يكتب مقالا في جريدة اللموند عن تجربته وما شاهده، فكان يقول لها أنه انتهى ككاتب في تلك الفترة، ثم فاجأها بنص “أربعة ساعات في شاتيلا”، وقد تم إخراج هذا النص مسرحيّا ليقدّم في أكثر من مسرح فرنسي. وكانت نشرت مجلة الدراسات الفلسطينيّة في عددها 138، 2017، مقابلة مفصّلة أيضا حول تجربة ليلى شهيد مع جان جينيه.
ويكشف هذا الفيلم الوثائقيّ الذي تصل مدّته 76 دقيقة (٢٠١٦)، من خلال سلسلة من المقابلات الغنيّة مع ليلى شهيد وشهادات لدارسين متخصّصين في أدبه مثل ألبرت ديشي وإيمانويل لمبيير وغيرهم، عن تناغم تلاحميّ بين حياة هذا الكاتب ومشروعه الأدبي. هذا الكاتب الملعون، الذي حمل كل صفات اللعنة في مجتمعه الفرنسيّ، فكان يتيماً مجهول الأب، وسجيناً سابقاً، ومثليّاً، وسارق كتب في مرحلة من حياته. ويتنقل الفيلم بين لبنان والمغرب، لينتهي في قرية “العرائش” المغربيّة التي دفن جينيه فيها بناء على وصيته بأن يدفن “في بلد مسلم”، ليتحوّل بعد تجربة حياة مريرة وسيرة صاخبة إلى قديس في نظر قرّائه ومحبيه في الشرق والغرب!
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