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جمالية. المرجعي والروائي تبدو الكتابة الأدبية في زمن الحرب معاناة شائكة، لأنها قائمة في لحظة مفارقة بين المرجعي والأدبي، فالمرجعي المجتمعي يعيش دماره الحاد والمتفجر، في حين يعيش الأدبي ولادة نوعية في الثقافة. فالحرب خارج الثقافة كما تقول يمنى العيد، وقصص الحرب الأهلية والعالمية لا تنتهي في لبنان والشام بعامة، لكن النصوص التي بناها جبور ليست رد فعل مباشر للنزاع المسلح والقنص، بل هي الخلفية التي تُظهر عملية بناء المعنى الجمالي للثقافة في الحين الذي يتهدم فيه المعنى الأنثروبولوجي لها، المتعلق بحياة الفرد الفيزيائية وأحلامه وطموحاته ومستقبله وهويته. وقد تكون هذه المفارقة بين البناء والهدم تفسيراً لحيوية الكتابة في بلاد الحروب والاستعمارات، أوروبا الشرقية، وأميركا اللاتينية، وبلدان العالم العربي. رواية “ملك الهند” (دار الساقي) مثلما تبسط النصوص أمام المتلقي الخريطة السياسية الاجتماعية الدينية للمنطقة برؤية جمالية، تحكي الشخصيات ومن ورائها الروائي التفاصيل اليومية للناس وطقوسهم ومخاوفهم، مثل أي لبناني يرث اللغة عن أمه بأمثالها الشعبية، ومجازاتها، واستعاراتها، ويلاحق أنواع النباتات في الأراضي الممتدة في الشمال، والخرافات والرصد ولعنة الورثة والمال لدى العائلات. ويمكن أن نلحق الدويهي بفناني أصول العائلات، مثل دستويفسكي وتولستوي وبلزاك وباموق والتشكيلي جورج بهجوري، فالعائلة قد تجعلك سياسياً أو رجل أعمال، أو أبلهاً أو مجرماً أو قتيلاً. تعيين الهوية يتعلق السرد عند صاحب “شريد المنازل” بتعيين الهوية ومنعها من الانزلاق بين الأديان والطوائف والميليشيات، ويمتد إلى ما وراء البحار، سواء على شواطئ مرسيليا أو نيويورك. ولم تنج من هذا التعيين حتى الطفلة ماري مبارك ذات السنوات الست التي راحت ضحية صراعات هوياتية على أرض الحلم الأميركي، حينما هاجم مدرستها ستانلي جاكسون الذي يؤمن بأن العالم سينتهي مع انتهاء سيطرة العرق الأبيض على أميركا، وذلك في ساراتوغا سبرينغز في ولاية نيويورك في “ملك الهند”. رواية أخرى (دار الساقي) ليس ثمة تمثيل يصوغ استراتيجيات امتلاك القوة في الجماعات المتنافسة أو المتناحرة مثل الأعمال الأدبية، وهكذا يمكن تفسير حضور أرض المحمودية، والدوز والموارنة، والقاضي والمدعي العام ومساعد الشرطة وغيرهم. فالنصوص تزاوج بين استرجاع التواريخ المكبوته التي تعنى بها الشعوب الخاضعة عادة، كما يشير فرانز فانون، وبين الانفتاح على عالم المركز الاستعماري. ليس استرجاع التواريخ المكبوتة من أجل تصنيمها، بل من أجل انتقادها من جهة، وإضفاء طابع رومانسي على النص من جهة. ينفي جبور الصنمية المذكورة بحركة أبطاله خلف الحدود، باتجاه العالم الذي يمتد إلى ما بعد موضع البيت والعائلة، حيث تبدأ حسب هومي بابا الغرابة، وهي التي تمثل شرطاً للبدايات المتجاوزة للمناطق والعابرة للثقافات. من هذه الغرابة تتولد مغامرات فلومينا مع مسيو لاغرانج منذ القرن التاسع عشر، ومغامرات زكريا مع صاحبة نزل “دوار الشمس” ماتيلد في سان بول دو فانس في الجنوب الفرنسي، التي استل منها لوحة “الكمان الأزرق” لشاغال، ومع جاين الزوجة الأميركية ومدمنة المخدرات… تنتهي الغرابة بالعودة المحتومة للوطن، ولا يختلف بذلك موسى بشارة الرسام العائد من نيويورك عن زكريا مبارك العائد من نيويورك أيضاً. لقد تزوجا بأجنبيتين وعادا للموت في الضيعة، في حالتين محاطتين بشبهة الانتحار، وكأن اللبناني لن يشفى من وطنه الذي لا خلاص منه إلا بوضع حد للحياة، في حين أن الآخر الفرنسي أو الأميركي لا يدرك كل هذه الصراعات القاتلة في الشرق، بل عنده كل العرب بل كل الشرقيين، هم ملوك الهند كما قال والد جاين، عامل الحديد لابنته، حين أرادت الزواج بزكريا مبارك على الرغم من أنه كنى نفسه بـ “زاك”. الإستبصارالجندري يهتم جبور الدويهي في نصوصه بحياة النساء اللواتي تجبرهن الحرب على البقاء وحيدات، فـ”ريا النهر” مثل مارتا المبارك، كل منهما ستتولى طلعة الرجل الميت القادم من أميركا ودفنه حين يتخلى عنه الآخرون، وستتحمل عبء من بقي من العائلة. كذلك فإن مريانا النبارة جدة موسى التي هاجرت وحدها إلى أميركا في “ريا النهر”، هي ذاتها فلومينا جدة زكريا التي هاجرت وحدها إلى أميركا في “ملك الهند”، إنهما نموذجان لنساء المرحلة التي يذكر تاريخها أن أم جبران خليل جبران هاجرت من دون رجل إلى أميركا من أجل حياة أفضل. لقد ضاقت الحياة بتلك النسوة فذهبن لجمع ثروة للعائلة من بيع ذخائر عود الصليب التي حملنها من الأرض المقدسة. ترث النساء التقاليد حتى وإن كانت تكبلهن، في حين يتخلى عنها الرجال في أول فرصة على الرغم من أنهم يقضون حياتهم يتشدقون بها. والنساء أكثر مراعاة للرحم وحرمة الموت وواجبات الأحياء تجاه الأموات، وهن سند يحفظ المجتمع من الزوال والتلاشي والذوبان الإنساني، ويدركن مبكراً أن الموت لا يضع حداً للخلافات العائلية، ويحملن السرد بناء على ذلك الإدراك. رواية عن الهوية اللبنانية المنفصمة (دار الساقي) لا تفارق الشخصيات العصابية نصوص الدويهي، فأبطاله يتمسكون بطريقة مريضة بأشياء تحارب فيهم القلق والشتات. قد يكون مشبك شعر لحبيبة، أو تمثال بتهوفن الذي يرافق رامي بن ريا، أو لوحة شاغال التي ترافق زكريا، وبعد رحلة طويلة أشبه برحلة أوديسيوس، سيعودون بالقلق ذاته سواء إلى تل صفرا على طريق الشام، أو إلى زغرتا في الشمال، ليقول أحدهم بعد ثلاثين عاماً، “أنا لم أغادر هذه البلاد يوماً!” المزيد عن: روائي لبناني\تاريخ\واقع\الحرب الأهلية\الصراع الطائفي\الهوية\شخصيات\سرد 123 comments 0 FacebookTwitterPinterestEmail admin previous post أدباء عالميون يكشفون عن طقوسهم خلال الكتابة في”لعنة حياة مثيرة” next post Public Health Mobile Units testing in Eastern Passage, Stewiacke You may also like مهى سلطان تكتب عن: الرسام اللبناني رضوان الشهال... 24 نوفمبر، 2024 فيلمان فرنسيان يخوضان الحياة الفتية بين الضاحية والريف 24 نوفمبر، 2024 مصائد إبراهيم نصرالله تحول الرياح اللاهبة إلى نسائم 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