وافقت الحركة في ميثاقها على قيام دولة على حدود 1967 وأقرت بكل ما صدر عن الأمم المتحدة
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في إطار المساعي الفلسطينية – الفلسطينية الرامية لاستكمال الحوار الوطني بين الفصائل والأحزاب لإنهاء الانقسام القائم على مبدأ تشكيل حكومة وحدة وطنية أساسها الشراكة السياسية بين حركتي “فتح” و”حماس“، اشترط رئيس السلطة محمود عباس على الأخيرة تقديم ورقة اعتراف بشرعية قرارات الأمم المتحدة والالتزام بها، وتكون موقعة من رئيس المكتب السياسي إسماعيل هنية.
لا حوار معهم
وجاء في نص رئيس السلطة الفلسطينية، “المطلوب من حركة حماس حتى تكون شريكة، أن تعترف بشكل رسمي وبتوقيع هنية بقرارات الشرعية الدولية، ومن دون ذلك فلا حوار معهم”.
وكان ذلك رداً على محضر اجتماع حركة “حماس” في قطاع غزّة مع هيئة النوايا الحسنة (مجموعة فلسطينية تدير حديثاً جهوداً لإنهاء الانقسام الفلسطيني واستكمال الحوار الوطني).
يقول رئيس هيئة النوايا الحسنة، منيب المصري، إن طلب الرئيس موافقة كتابية من “حماس” على اعترافها بالرباعية الدولية، يحتاج إلى اعتراف من الرباعية الدولية بالحركة، وأنها ليست إرهاباً، مشيراً إلى أن هذه الخطوة تحتاج إلى إعادة النظر في ما قدمته الرباعية لدولة فلسطين التي اتضح من خلال عملها أنها منحازة لإسرائيل، لذلك من غير المعقول الاعتراف بالرباعية الدولية ما لم تتعامل بمهنية والابتعاد عن انحيازها لإسرائيل.
الرباعية الدولية
لكن الغريب أن عباس لم يطلب من “حماس” الاعتراف بالرباعية الدولية، والتي هي بالأساس عبارة عن جسم سياسي مكون من أميركا والاتحاد الأوروبي وروسيا ومندوب عن الأمين العام لهيئة الأمم المتحدة، وهي غير مخولة إصدار قرارات لها علاقة بالصراع الفلسطيني – الإسرائيلي، كما أنها ليست كياناً يستطيع تصنيف الفصائل والتنظيمات على قوائم الإرهاب، بينما اشترط الاعتراف بقرارات الشرعية الدولية.
والشرعية الدولية هو مصطلح تستخدمه السلطة الفلسطينية للدلالة على القرارات الصادرة عن الأمم المتحدة وهيئاتها المكلفة، وعلى رأسها مجلس الأمن والجمعية العمومية، وهذه القرارات أساسها طابع توافقي للقانون الدولي الذي تعتمد عليه الهيئة الأممية وتلتزم بتطبيقه فلسطين وإسرائيل.
ومن بين أبرز قرارات الأمم المتحدة، التي تعتبرها فلسطين شرعية، قرار 181 لتقسيم فلسطين، والذي يمنح إسرائيل 56 في المئة من الأراضي، وقرار 194 الخاص بعودة اللاجئين وتعويضهم، وقرار 242 الذي يوجب على إسرائيل الانسحاب من الأراضي التي احتلتها عام 1967، وقرار 273، وفيه اعترفت الأمم المتحدة بعضوية إسرائيل داخلها كدولة، وقرار 3236، الذي اعترف بحق الفلسطينيين في السيادة على أراضيهم، وقرار 58/292، الذي أكد أن القدس الشرقية منطقة محتلة وتابعة للإدارة الفلسطينية، وقرارات أخرى دانت الاستيطان، وأكدت حق العودة وأحقية إدارة الفلسطينيين أراضيهم وانسحاب إسرائيل منها.
على أيّ حال، فإن عباس اشترط ذلك، لتصبح “حماس” شريكة في العملية السياسية القائمة على مبدأ تشكيل حكومة وحدة وطنية تضم كل الفصائل الفلسطينية، في ظل دعم الرئيس الأميركي جو بايدن حل الدولتين واستئناف المفاوضات مع الإسرائيليين.
وبحسب القائمين على استئناف الحوار الفلسطيني، فإن “حماس” أبدت موافقتها على تشكيل حكومة وحدة وطنية تعترف بقرارات الشرعية الدولية على أن يكون ذلك ضمن برنامج سياسي يستند لحوارات القاهرة التي أجريت بداية العام الحالي، وتستند بالأساس على “اتفاق مكة” الذي جرى بينها وحركة “فتح” عام 2007.
الاعتراف بقرارات الشرعية الدولية
لكن، بعد اشتراط عباس أنه “لا حوار مع حماس قبل توقيع إسماعيل هنية على الاعتراف بقرارات الشرعية الدولية”، رفضت الحركة هذا الشرط واعتبرته انسياقاً مع الرؤية الإسرائيلية. ويقول الناطق باسمها، عبداللطيف القانوع، إن اشتراطات عباس هي شروط إسرائيل نفسها، ومن الواضح أنه يتبنى قرارات تل أبيب، إن هذا يشكل عقبة في إعادة الوحدة الوطنية وترتيب البيت الفلسطيني، ويتعارض مع الإجماع الوطني الفلسطيني.
ويشير القانوع إلى أن المطلوب من عباس التحلل من الشروط الإسرائيلية، وتبني موقف الإجماع الوطني، والاستناد في ترتيب الوحدة الفلسطينية، على اتفاقات القاهرة التي لقيت إجماعاً لدى الفصائل والمجتمع الإقليمي.
“اتفاق مكة”
في الحقيقة، رفض “حماس” الاعتراف بالقرارات الصادرة عن الأمم المتحدة يتناقض كلياً مع إقرارها بشرعية القرارات، إذ إنه في “اتفاق مكة” عام 2007 التزمت “حماس” بالموافقة على قرارات الشرعية الدولية بما يخص إقامة دولة فلسطينية مستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشرعية على حدود 1967، وكذلك في عام 2017 عندما أعلنت “حماس” وثيقتها الجديدة، قبلت بقيام دولة مستقلة السيادة على خطوط الرابع من يونيو (حزيران) عام 1967 (الضفة الغربية، والقدس، وقطاع غزة)، وأشارت حينها إلى أن ذلك لا يعني الاعتراف بإسرائيل، وأيضاً عقب القتال العسكري في مايو (أيار) 2021، وافق رئيس “حماس” في غزة، يحيى السنوار، على إقامة دولة فلسطينية وفق قرارات الأمم المتحدة والقبول بتهدئة طويلة الأمد.
ذرّ للرماد في العيون
من جهة حركة “فتح”، يقول الناطق باسمها، حسين حمايل، إن تصريحات “حماس” في رفض الاعتراف بقرارات الشرعية هي ذرّ للرماد في العيون من أجل إطالة عمر الانقسام، وهذا يتناقض مع مواقفها السابقة التي أقرت فيها الحركة ضمنياً علناً بأنها تلتزم بالقرارات الصادرة عن الأمم المتحدة، وأنه لا مانع من إقامة دولة فلسطينية على حدود 67، إضافة إلى أن إسرائيل أمر واقع.
أما من ناحية قانونية، فيقول المختص القانوني، عصام عابدين، إنه حتى لو اعترفت “حماس” بقرارات الشرعية الدولية أو رفضت، فإن ذلك لا معنى له، لأن هذه القرارات أساسها القانون الدولي، وهو يتعلق بالدول ذاتها، وليست بالفصائل، ولا علاقة للأحزاب السياسية بأي التزام تقوم به السلطة الفلسطينية.
المزيد عن: حركة حماس\حركة فتح\محمود عباس\إسماعيل هنية\منيب المصري\جو بايدن\الرباعية الدولية\اتفاق مكة
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