BBC / في خطوة متوقعة إلى حد كبير منذ ديسمبر/كانون الأول الماضي، أعلنت وزارة الداخلية الألمانية الخميس عن حظر مجمل أنشطة جماعة حزب الله في لبنان المدعومة من إيران على أراضيها وصنفتها منظمة إرهابية.
كما داهمت الشرطة 4 جمعيات تشرف على مساجد في مدن دورتموند، ومونستر، وبريمن والعاصمة برلين، تعتقد أنها مقربة من الجماعة.
ويقدر مسؤولون أمنيون أن ما يصل إلى 1050 شخصاً في ألمانيا هم أعضاء في حزب الله من بينهم 250 في العاصمة برلين.
العسكري والسياسي
وقد ظلت الحكومة الألمانية لفترة طويلة تفرق بين الجناحين العسكري والسياسي لحزب الله، وترفض الجناح العسكري وتصنفه كمنظمة إرهابية.
ويصنف الاتحاد الأوروبي الجناح العسكري لحزب الله فقط كجماعة إرهابية وليس جناحه السياسي.
وقد أدرج الاتحاد الأوروبي الجناح العسكري على قائمة الإرهاب في عام 2013، ولكن بريطانيا صنفت التنظيم برمته على أنه تنظيم إرهابي في فبراير/ شباط عام 2019.
ويذكر أيضا أن كل من هولندا والولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وكندا تصنف حزب الله بجناحيه السياسي والعسكري كتنظيم إرهابي.
من الضغط إلى الترحيب
REUTERSI أنصار حزب الله في تجمع بلبنان
وقد مارست إسرائيل والولايات المتحدة ضغوطا على ألمانيا لحظر الجماعة. بحسب وكالة رويترز للأنباء.
وخلال زيارة إلى العاصمة الألمانية برلين في العام الماضي، قال وزير الخارجية الأمريكي مايك بومبيو إنه يأمل أن تسير ألمانيا على نهج بريطانيا في حظر جماعة حزب الله.
وقد رحب السفير الأمريكي في بون ريتشارد غرينيل بهذه الخطوة قائلا: ” إن قرار الحكومة الألمانية بالتحرك يعكس عزم الغرب على التصدي للتهديد العالمي الذي يمثله حزب الله”.
ودعا السفير الأمريكي كل الدول الأعضاء في الاتحاد الأوروبي إلى اتخاذ تدابير مماثلة.
كما أعرب وزير الخارجية الإسرائيلي يسرائيل كاتس عن “شكره العميق” للحكومة الألمانية على هذه الخطوة، مشيرا إلى أنها “خطوة مهمة وكبيرة في الحرب ضد الإرهاب في العالم”.
ودعا وزير الخارجية الإسرائيلي الدول الأوروبية الأخرى وكذلك الاتحاد الأوروبي إلى السير على نهج ألمانيا بمنع مجمل نشاطات حزب الله الاجتماعية والسياسية والعسكرية.
خطوات متدرجة نحو الحظر التام
وكان البرلمان الألماني قد وافق في ديسمبر/ كانون الأول الماضي على اقتراح يحض حكومة المستشارة، أنغيلا ميركل، على حظر جميع أنشطة جماعة حزب الله على الأراضي الألمانية، مبررا ذلك بما سماه “أنشطتها الإرهابية” خاصة في سوريا.
وكان هذا الاقتراح، الذي قدمه حزب البديل لأجل ألمانيا، أكبر أحزاب المعارضة في البلاد، للبرلمان في يونيو/حزيران الماضي.
وسبق هذا التحرك البرلماني تقارير إعلامية ألمانية صدرت تباعا منذ مايو/أيار الماضي تحدثت عن أن حزب الله يستغل ألمانيا لجمع الأموال لتمويل عملياته العسكرية.
فقد ذكرت صحيفة تاغس شبيغل الألمانية أن المراكز الثقافية والمساجد التابعة لحزب الله في ألمانيا تقوم بالدعاية والتجنيد وجمع التبرعات لصالح الحزب.
وأشارت الصحيفة على نحو خاص إلى مركز الإمام الرضا الإسلامي في العاصمة برلين.
- حزب الله: ألمانيا تحظر الجماعة اللبنانية، وتشن حملة مداهمات
- حزب الله اللبناني: الجذور ومنابع النفوذ
- من هم مسؤولو حزب الله اللبناني الذين عاقبتهم واشنطن؟
- حزب الله اللبناني: بريطانيا تدرج الجماعة بكل مؤسساتها في قائمة المنظمات الإرهابية
كما أشارت الصحيفة أيضا إلى أن السلطات الألمانية ترصد عمليات حزب الله لتهريب المخدرات حيث تصل شحنات المخدرات إلى ألمانيا قادمة من أمريكا الجنوبية عبر افريقيا.
وأضافت قائلة: “إن الكوكايين يصل إلى ألمانيا من خلال موانئ هامبورغ، وروتردام الهولندي، وأنتويرب البلجيكي، ويستخدم الحزب الأموال التي يجنيها من هذه التجارة في شراء الأسلحة وتمويل عملياته.
وبحسب هذه الصحيفة أيضا فإن حزب الله يستخدم شركة لتأجير السيارات في مدينة دوسلدورف غربي ألمانيا كواجهة لعمليات غسيل الأموال.
ومنذ سبتمبر/أيلول الماضي منحت الحكومة الألمانية الادعاء العام الاتحادي تفويضاً لملاحقة أعضاء حزب الله جنائيا.
وقد مكن ذلك الادعاء العام من البدء في اتخاذ إجراءات قانونية ضد المشتبه في أنهم أعضاء في الحزب الذي عُد منظمة إرهابية أجنبية.
EPA مداهمات الأمن الألماني لمواقع تابعة لحزب الله
وسيط سابق
ويرى بعض المراقبين أنه من شأن حظر حزب الله أن يؤثر على علاقات ألمانيا مع لبنان، لأن الجماعة ممثلة من خلال جناحها السياسي في البرلمان اللبناني منذ عام 1992. وهي تتمتع مع حلفائها حاليا بالأغلبية البرلمانية.
كما أن هذا الحظر قد يفقد ألمانيا دورها كوسيط بين الأطراف المختلفة في المنطقة، إذ سبق لألمانيا أن توسطت في صفقة تبادل الأسرى بين إسرائيل وحزب الله.
فضلا عن أن الكثير من أنشطة حزب الله ستصبح غير قانونية في ألمانيا ، ولن يُسمح برفع علمه وخاصة في مسيرة يوم القدس السنوية المثيرة للجدل التي اعتاد على تنظيمها هناك.
وبعد هذه الخطوة، لا يستبعد البعض أن يؤسس حزب الله منظمة جديدة باسم آخر، لكنه سيفقد الكثير من الزخم الجماهيري و”علامته” الدعائية.
المزيد عن : أوروبا/ألمانيا/الاتحاد الاوروبي/لبنان/محاربة الإرهاب
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