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مثلما كانت ولادة الكاتب نجيب محفوظ عام 1911 ولادة متعثرة، ولد متحفه في القاهرة ولادة متعثرة أيضاً، استغرقت أكثر من 12 عاماً، منذ أن أعلنت وزارة الثقافة المصرية في عهد وزيرها الشهير فاروق حسني، العمل على إنشاء المتحف بعد أيام من وفاة الكاتب العربي الوحيد الذي حاز جائزة نوبل في الآداب.
وأول من أمس قام رئيس الوزراء المصري مصطفي مدبولي بافتتاح المتحف، كما قامت وزيرة الثقافة إيناس عبد الدايم ومعها وزير الآثار خالد العناني مساء اليوم نفسه، بتنظيم حفلة افتتاح آخر غاب عنه الروائيون من أجيال مختلفة ونقاد أدب نجيب محفوظ وبعض تلاميذه، باستثناء يوسف القعيد الذي صدر قرار بتعينه مديراً للمتحف والكاتبة الروائية سلوى بكر. وعبر أدباء كثيرون عبر صفحات “فيسبوك” عن غضبهم من وزارة الثقافة التي لم توجه لهم دعوات لحضور أي من حفلتي الافتتاح.
وبعيداً من هذا الجدل لم تشأ الأقدار أن تأتي عملية ولادة المتحف بمعزل عن ظروف تسمية محفوظ الذي حمل اسمه المركب تقديراً من والده عبد العزيز للطبيب المعروف نجيب باشا محفوظ، الذي أشرف على ولادته التي كانت متعسرة، وكان أشهر أطباء التوليد في مصر عند بداية القرن.
وثمة مفارقة أرادتها وزارة الثقافة حين أسندت مهمة إنهاء المتحف الى المعماري الشاب كريم الشابوري، وهو نفسه من تولى قبل عامين تصميم متحف الطبيب نجيب باشا محفوظ في مستشفى قصر العيني الشهير بالقاهرة، وهكذا هيأت له الأقدار فرصة تخليد “النجيبين”.
هندسة الشابوري
من محفوظات صاحب “الحرافيش” في المتحف (اندبندنت عربية)
يرى الشابوري الذي تولي تصميم متحف الزعيم المصري جمال عبد الناصر، أنه عاش تحدياً صعباً في تصميم متحفي “النجيبين”، غير أن متحف الكاتب كان هو الأصعب من وجهة نظره، لأنه بدأ العمل على متحف الطبيب من نقطة الصفر واعتمد ميزانية لا محدودة وفرتها أسرته التي تولت التمويل، وتولت كلية طب قصر العيني مهمة المتابعة الفنية والإدارية. في حين طلبت منه وزارة الثقافة الإشراف على متحف الكاتب نجيب محفوظ قبل أربعة شهور فقط من الافتتاح، وبعد أن اكتملت ملامحه المعمارية تقريباً.
ويشير الشابوري إلى أن حريته كانت أقل مع محفوظ الروائي لأنه أكثر شهرة على الصعيدين الشعبي والعالمي، كما أن الوقت كان ضاغطاً، ولذلك بادر بالعمل على تطوير ما تم إنجازه لأنه كان من الصعب الإلغاء والتعديل. ونجح بحسب قوله في زيادة مسطح العرض المتحفي وزيادة عدد القاعات، بالتالي تمكن من إضافة أشياء في واجهات العرض والأثاث.
ويؤكد أن مهمته كانت تقوم على إكساب المقتنيات التي وفرتها أسرة محفوظ بعض القيمة الجمالية، لأن أغلبها يقع في دائرة الأشياء العادية التي اكتسبت قيمتها من قيمة صاحبها ومكانته الرمزية، وهي بالعدد كانت مقتنيات محدودة على الرغم من أهميتها التاريخية.
وكانت ابنة نجيب محفوظ أهدت المتحف، عشرات الصور الفوتوغرافية التذكارية لأديب نوبل، والدروع والنياشين وعدة السمع، وساعة معدنية، ومبسم السجائر وغيرها من مقتنيات محفوظ الشخصية. وأكدت لـ “اندبندنت عربية” شعورها بالرضا عن مستوى المتحف وطريقة العرض، ونفت وجود ملاحظات. وقالت: “المكان الأثري ملائم جداً، كما أن المعروضات قدمت بطريقة جذابة”. وأبدت تفهما لظروف تأخر افتتاح المتحف نتيجة عدم الاستقرار في أجهزة الدولة عقب ثورة يناير (كانون الثاني) 2011، غير أنها أكدت في المقابل أنها لم تقم بزيارة المتحف ومراجعة مقتنياته قبل أن توجه لها الدعوة الى حفلة الافتتاح. وأعربت عن أملها في أن يساعد المتحف على التعريف بكتابات والدها وجذب مزيد من القراء لأدبه من أنحاء العالم.
وقبل العمل على المتحف أعاد كريم الشابوري قراءة بعض أعمال محفوظ التي يحب منها “أصداء السيرة الذاتية ” و”أحلام فترة النقاهة”، لأنها كما يرى تضم خلاصة رؤاه الفنية والإنسانية المكتوبة بطريقة معاصرة جداً.
وخلال تجربته اعتمد الشابوري في سيناريو العرض المتحفي على مخطط تأويلي يقوم على استقطاب الزائر العادي وليس المتخصص لعالم صاحب “الحرافيش”.
ويفسر الشابوري اختيار تكية أبو الدهب مقراً للمتحف بعيداً من الجمالية التي ولد فيها محفوظ، مؤكداً أن المسافة من البيت الذي ولد فيه والمتحف أقل من كيلومتر واحد، كما أن الوكالة أكثر ملاءمة من الأماكن التي تم التفاوض بشأنها مع وزارة الآثار عند العمل فعلياً على تأسيس المتحف. ويلفت إلى أن محفوظ يشير في أحد الأفلام الوثائقية إلى الدلالة الرمزية للتكية كمقصد لعابري السبيل والمتصوفين والدراويش وطلاب العلم، وكساحة للنجاة من صراعات داخل الحارة التي هي فضاء رمزي للإنسانية كلها.
وتتناول قاعات المتحف عبر خمس قاعات رئيسة موزعة على 3 طوابق، مراحل من سيرة أديب نوبل من الميلاد وحتى الوفاة، وتبدأ بـ”قاعة الحارة”، التي تعتبر قاعة تمهيدية تبلغ مساحتها 27 متراً، وتتعرض لعلاقة محفوظ بالحارة المصرية التي ألهمته في الكثير من إبداعاته، اعتماداً على فيلم وثائقي قديم أخرجته سميحة الغنيمي، ويظهر فيه محفوظ كراوٍ لسيرته. وتقدم القاعة من خلال الوسائط السمعية والبصرية، مادة فيلمية عن الحارة وعلاقتها بأديب نوبل.
أصداء السيرة
ممر داخل المتحف (اندبندنت عربية)
القاعة الثانية داخل المتحف تحمل عنوان “أصداء السيرة”، وتبلغ مساحتها 45 متراً مربعاً. وتمثل القاعة الجانب الشخصي من حياة محفوظ ومشوار حياته وأدبه، من خلال آراء النقّاد الذي تابعوا سيرته الإبداعية. وجاء تصميم القاعة ليقسمها إلى قاعتين متصلتين تتناول حياة محفوظ بكل مراحلها، مع عرض لمتعلقاته الشخصية واستحضار شخصه بالمكان وعلاقته بروتين الحياة اليومية وروتين الكتابة ومفردات عالمه وجولاته في المقاهي وصور من رافقه برحلته، فضلاً عن مقتنيات شخصية منها، نظارة القراءة والولاعة ومبسم السجائر والقبعات والحذاء وملابسه.
أما ثالث القاعات داخل المتحف، فهي قاعة التجليات التي اختار الشابوري اسمها، رغبة منه في تكريم جمال الغيطاني الذي كان من أوائل الداعين إلى تكريم محفوظ وتأسيس متحفه، وتتناول فلسفة محفوظ وتعرض سلسلة من الحلقات التي قدمها صاحب المتحف مع الغيطاني في حلقات تجليات مصرية.
والقاعة الرابعة هي قاعة السينما، التي تعرض مشاهد من بعض روايات الأديب نجيب محفوظ والتي تحول بعضها إلى أفلام سينمائية. وتعرض القاعة مكتب محفوظ، حيث كان يعكف على كتابة تلك الروايات التي وجدت طريقها إلى قراء الروايات وعشاق السينما في مصر والعالم، كما تخلد نجوم السينما والتلفزيون الذين جسدوا شخصياته على الشاشة.
وخامس قاعات المتحف هي قاعة نوبل، التي تتكون من واجهة عرض تتوسط القاعة، تعرض شهادة الحصول على نوبل وصورة طبق الأصل من ميدالية الجائزة التي حصل عليها. أما محيط القاعة فيتكون من جدران غرافيكية تعرض الشخصيات الحائزة جائزة نوبل في الأدب على مدار117 عاماً منذ تأسيس الجائزة عام 1901. وتعرض الجدران الغرافيكية نص خطبة محفوظ التي تم إلقاؤها عند تسلم الجائزة.
يضم المتحف أيضا قاعتي “أحلام الرحيل” و”رثاء”، وتختص الأولى بعرض تفاصيل محاولة الاغتيال اعتماداً على أرشيفات متعددة، وتتابع سيرته مع الكتابة بعدها حيث تعلم الكتابة على مراحل. وتظهر الأدوات التي استعملها في سنواته الأخيرة، مثل عدسة القراءة وسماعة الأذن، إضافة إلى الملف الوظيفي والمواقع التي شغلها منذ أن عمل سكرتيراً بوزارة الأوقاف وحتى انتهاء خدمته إلى جانب عمله بالأهرام. وتوجد قاعة للدروع والشهادات التي نالها من هيئات محلية ودولية.
ويكشف الشابوري أن وزارة الآثار وافقت أخيراً على تسليم الطابق الثالث بالمبنى ليُضم الى قاعات المتحف، التي تشمل مكتبات متخصصة وقاعات دراسية وقاعات للندوات مخصصة لنشاط ثقافي، يتولى الإشراف عليه الكاتب يوسف القعيد عضو البرلمان المصري والذي كان مقرباً من محفوظ. وتكشف كافتيريا تحمل اسم مقهى الحرافيش،علاقة محفوظ بمجموعة من الأصدقاء المشاهير الذين رافقوا مسيرته.
منح الكتابة في المتحف
اوراق بخط محفوظ (اندبندنت عربية)
وفي المناسبة أعلنت وزارة الثقافة في مصر توفير خمس منح لكتابة السيناريو والرواية والقصة القصيرة في المتحف، والتخفيض على الكتب 50 في المئة من إصدارات وزارة الثقافة و25 في المئة على إصدارات دور النشر الأخرى. وأعلنت عن مواعيد دخول المتحف، إذ سيكون دخول المتحف مجاناً لمدة شهر.
ويؤكد كريم الشابوري تصالحه مع النتيجة التي انتهى إليها تصميم متحف نجيب محفوظ لأنه من النادر أن تنجح في إرضاء الجميع، كما أن المكان فيه مرونة تسمح دوماً بالإضافة والتجديد، وما كان لدى وزارة الثقافة فإنما مقتنيات من العائلة وليست أرشيفات، وأغلبها كان متاحاً لدى أفراد، وعلى الوزارة أن تعمل على حيازة ما يزال لدى هؤلاء، سواء بقبول إهداءات أو بتعويضهم مادياً حتى يأخذ المتحف صيغته النهائية.
والشابوري معماري ومصمم عرض متحفي مصري تخرج عام 2001، واستكمل دراسته للماجستير في “العمارة، الأركيولوجيا والموزيوغرافيا” في أكاديمية أدريانيا بروما 2007. شارك ما بين عامي 2005 و2009 في تصميم العديد من المتاحف المصرية منها، تطوير المتحف القبطي في مصر القديمة ومتحف التنوع البيولوجي بشرم الشيخ ومتحف البريد المصري بالقرية الذكية، فضلاً عن معرض الزجاج الإسلامي بمتحف الفن الإسلامي بقطر 2012، ومتحف الحصن بالشارقة في الإمارات، وشارك ما بين عامي 2010 و2016 مع معهد بول غيتي بمشروع ترميم مقبرة توت عنخ أمون وإعادة تأهيلها.
المزيد عن: متحف /نجيب محفوظ/القاهرة/روايات/سينما
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